Atomic Weight Definition (Relative Atomic Mass)

Atomic weight is the average mass of atoms of an element, calculated using the relative abundance of isotopes in a naturally-occurring element. It is the weighted average of the masses of naturally-occurring isotopes. What Is It Based On? Prior to 1961, a unit of atomic weight was based on 1/16th (0.0625) of the weight of an oxygen atom. After this point, the standard was changed to be 1/12th the weight of a carbon-12 atom in its ground state. A carbon-12 atom is assigned 12 atomic mass units. The unit is dimensionless. More Commonly Known as Relative Atomic Mass Atomic mass is used interchangeably with atomic weight, although the two terms dont mean precisely the same thing. Another issue is that weight implies a force exerted in a gravitational field, which would be measured in units of force, like newtons. The term atomic weight has been in use since 1808, so most people dont really care about the issues, but to reduce confusion, atomic weight is more commonly known now as relative atomic mass. Abbreviation The usual abbreviation for atomic weight in texts and references is at wt or at. wt. Examples The atomic mass of carbon is 12.011The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.0079.The atomic weight of boron samples collected on Earth falls within a range of 10.806 to 10.821. Synthetic Elements For synthetic elements, there is no natural isotope abundance. So, for these elements, the total nucleon count (sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus) is usually cited in the place of the standard atomic weight. The value is given within brackets so that its understood its the nucleon count and not a natural value. Related Terms Atomic Mass - Atomic mass is the mass of an atom or other particle, expressed in unified atomic mass units (u). An atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Since the mass of electrons is much smaller than that of protons and neutrons, the atomic mass is nearly identical to the mass number. Atomic mass is denoted with the symbol ma. Relative Isotopic Mass - This is the ratio of the mass of a single atom to the mass of a unified atomic mass unit. This is synonymous with atomic mass. Standard Atomic Weight - This is the expected atomic weight or relative atomic mass of an element sample in the Earths crust and atmosphere. It is an average of relative isotope masses for an element from samples collected all over the Earth, so this value is subject to change as new element sources are discovered.  The standard atomic weight of an element is the value cited for atomic weight on the periodic table.

Nelson Mandela and His Search for Equality - 1765 Words

Mandela was one of the worlds most active and influential human activists of the 20th century. In his fight for equality Nelson Mandela fought through racism, imprisonment, and social inequality all in an effort for equal rights for African Americans in South Africa His efforts provided hope and pride for African Americans in South Africa that things could and would get better for them in the future. Mandela was far from perfect and had many issues he had to deal with publicly and personally. Mandela struggled with racism and social injustice throughout his life and seemed to just brush it off. Nelson Mandela overcame social inequality by breaking down the walls of politics for African Americans, being awarded the Nobel Prize for†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" The men developed classes that they taught to the other prisoners on subjects such as economics, politics, and government.† ( Magoon 69). When Mandela was in prison with the younger prisoners, they would tell him of their anger and express it. Mandela was more restrained with his anger. Mandela touched them in an intellectual way and in a way that could persuade the prisoners not to use violence, but use their minds to find solutions. Mandela did lots of work to improve the rights of African Americans in South Africa and was a great influence to other activists like himself. Aside from the countless organizations Mandela was apart of, he also contributed to his society and community in other ways as well. â€Å" As a member of the African National Congress and Umkhonto we Sizwe, a militant organization he confounded, Mandela protested apartheid.† ( Magoon 101). Mandela spent most of his life trying to end the apartheid, but he was also peaceful and always overcame the disrespects and prison time he was sentenced. He became an important person, not just to South Af rica, but to the whole world. Nelson Mandela was determined to end the apartheid in South Africa and sought that he would make sure that it was ended. Mandela worked hard to reachShow MoreRelatedNelson Mandela: The Living Legend1089 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Speech 101 5 November 2013 Informative Speech: Nelson Mandela: The Living Legend Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Nelson Mandela and his achievement and positive impact on Africa and the world. Central Idea: Nelson Mandela’s struggle and achievement in South Africa and around the world. Introduction: Attention Getter: Take a moment and think this situation. You are young and ambitious. Your dream is to free your people and your country. You decided to protest anyway againstRead MoreComparing Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela1041 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King and Nelson Mandela. I. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela performed similar actions in their lives. A. In 1955, Martin Luther King, Jr., fought for the civil rights of the black population in America. B. Similarly, in South Africa, Nelson Mandela fought for the freedom of blacks from apartheid. II. Another similarity between King and Mandela is that they had the same beliefs. A. King firmly supported his nonviolence protest movement for the equality of blacks in AmericaRead MoreA Comparative Study of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparative Study of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler and Nelson Mandela are vastly different men, however in many ways through out their lives they both held a huge influence over their countrymen, the politics of their country and inevitably they both shaped the course of history for better or worse. Their fight, was not won without a struggle, but was helped by their masterful oratorical skills and the willingness of their followers to do anything forRead MoreA Comparative Study of Nelson Mandela and Adolf Hitler1502 Words   |  7 PagesAdolf Hitler and Nelson Mandela are vastly different men, however in many ways through out their lives they both held a huge influence over their countrymen, the politics of their country and inevitably they both shaped the course of history for better or worse. Their fight, was not won without a struggle, but was helped by their masterful oratorical skills and the willingness of their followers to do anything for the cause. Following the First World War Germanys economy began to fail, the GermanRead MoreNelson Mandela and the Fight Against Apartheid4689 Words   |  19 Pagesof Trials and Tribulations: Nelson Mandela’s Role in the Realization of Racial Equality and Freedom in South Africa Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Chaos and Dissension in South Africa†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Mandela – The Charismatic Leader†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Iconic Image of Integrity and Perseverance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Uniting the African National Congress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦.9 Mandela Takes Reconciliatory Action†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreWhat Made Non Violence Work?1350 Words   |  6 Pagesheroes - Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Nelson Mandela - with contagious optimism and high spirits, it became apparent just how much of a difference could be made carried out through non-violent terms. 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He joined the African National Congress in 1952 and became a member oTf a small action group whose main task was to launch Umkhonto weRead More Peter Tosh and Nelson Mandela Fighting from Opposite Corners4125 Words   |  17 PagesPeter Tosh and Nelson Mandela Fighting from Opposite Corners The Prize: Equal Rights Peter Tosh and Nelson Mandela are two men who dedicated their lives to fight for equal rights. They are united by common goals but walked on different paths in their struggles against the oppressors. The major commonality, which made both men brilliant leaders and revolutionary thinkers, was their passion. The passion they had for their beliefs and turning their visions into reality. Tosh and Mandela’s

Nvq Business and Admine Lv2 Unit 680 Free Essays

Improve Own Performance in a Business Environment CU681 1. 1 There are a number of guidelines and procedures in place to enable me to do my job not only to the best of my ability but in a professional manner. there are procedures that need to be followed relating to various aspects of the job including correct procedures to greet visitors, answer the telephone, dealing with incoming and outgoing mail, data protection, booking meeting rooms aswell as other procedures. We will write a custom essay sample on Nvq Business and Admine Lv2 Unit 680 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 2 If we plan our work we can be more efficient. We have to set priorities in order to do most important things first. If we are accountable to others for our own work we are more responsible for the work we do. 1. 3 The purpose for agreeing realistic targets for work is to keep everyone on task and focused on accomplishing a target that is obtainable and not out of reach. By doing this everyone can contribute effectively and reach targets more efficiently. 1. 4 Agreeing realistic targets should be based on your abilty to complete work and also time should be tken into account. 1. 5 To plan work to meet agreed deadlines you should first priotise what is more important and less import and set aside more time fore the more important work. . 6 Keeping other people informed about the progress of your work is important so that others know tht deadlines will be kept, if you are behind on work others can step in to help so tht targets are met . 1. 7 Lettings other people know tht work plans have been changed is important because the changes made in your work may affect other peoples work, if they haven†™t been informed this could lead to confusions and ultiemtly missing targets. 1. 8 The types of problems that may occur during your work are: – computer crashing – work not getting saved – power cuts photocopier runs out of toner – photocopier runs out paper. include 1. 9 You should try to resolve problems yourself if you are not able to do this you should inform a work colleague and ask for assistance 1. 10 The purpose and benefits of recognising and learning from mistakes are that you learn to not make these mistakes again and also recognise a a mistake much easier and faster. 2. 1 It is extremely important as a member of staff to set high standards for yourself. Your Line Manager will see you as someone who challenges themselves and you will be recognised for the right reasons. . 2 It is important to set high standards for work because it will help you to do the best you can and help you get recognised at work in a positive way. When high standards a re set, it can always be a challenge and make you want to achieve it. 2. 3 It is important to take on new challenges and adapt to changes because nothing ever stays the same, things are always changing which means unless you can adapt and change too you will be stuck doing the same things which could then make your life a lot harder than it needs to be. . 4 It is important to take on new challenges and adapt to changes because nothing ever stays the same, things are always changing which means unless you can adapt and change too you will be stuck doing the same things which could then make your life a lot harder than it needs to be. 2. 5 There are many benefits to treating others with honesty, respect and consideration. The main one is that you will build an excellent working relationship with your colleagues which will lead to efficient work. Another benefit is for your own personal wellbeing as dishonesty, disrespect and a lack of consideration for others can be stressful leading to sickness in the workplace. 2. 6 One’s behaviour is vital to the workplace because every person plays an important role in the community. One person’s negative outlook can disrupt the progress of those around that person. The workplace can immediately become a hostile environment due to the action or attitude of a single person. 2. 7 Ideal types of behaviour that display honesty, respect, and consideration are listening to others’ ideas and providing thoughtful feedback, being sensitive to the needs of others, seeking a solution that will benefit all, cooperating with co-workers, treating others fairly and with dignity, among many others. Some negative behaviour are belittling co-workers, isolating oneself from the community, ignoring the opinions of others, having a selfish attitude, seeking for self advancement while disregarding the efforts of others, and spreading false information about others are other incorrect ways of conducting oneself. How to cite Nvq Business and Admine Lv2 Unit 680, Papers